Categories of BI analytics tools

BI analytics tools can be grouped into three broad categories that each support various BI styles and capabilities:

Guided analysis and reporting. This category includes the traditional BI styles that businesspeople have been using for years to perform recurring analyses of specific data. Examples include a vice president of sales examining the sales pipeline, a marketing manager comparing the performance of various marketing campaigns or a chief financial officer analyzing an enterprise’s financial key performance indicators.

Years ago, this category was limited to predefined, static reports, but now business users can select, filter, compare, visualize and analyze data using a variety of tool types. The underlying assumption in this BI tool category is that the data set and the metrics used will be predefined, but the analysis itself may vary based on the immediate needs of the information consumer when performing that analysis.

The IT group or BI team creates most of the BI applications in the guided analysis and reporting category for end users. However, business analysts also produce many BI applications using the self-service BI tools discussed in the next section. Regardless of who creates the BI application, IT will be responsible for the underlying data and managing the BI applications used on a recurring basis.

The BI tool styles in this category include:

• Reports
• Dashboards and scorecards
• Corporate performance management
• Spreadsheet integration
• BI search

Self-service BI and analysis. This category includes the BI tools business users use to perform ad hoc analysis of data. This analysis will either be a one-time-only analysis or the formulation of a recurring analysis that will be shared with others.

The users of these tools have dual roles: information consumer and analytics producer, when they share or publish the BI application they create with the self-service BI tool. Users of these tools typically have the word analyst in their title (e.g., business, financial or human resources analyst). Management staff members may also use these tools when they’re doing the work of the business analyst (or analytical guru) for their manager or peers, even if their titles might not imply that.

Whereas guided discovery tools operate with a pre-set collection of data and metrics, the self-service BI tools enable business users to add data and define new metrics when performing their analysis without requiring IT intervention.

However, there are some considerations to the no IT involvement neededhype that some BI vendors will pitch. First, IT will manage data source access based on need, security and privacy rights, so business users performing their analyses will have to obtain proper privileges to add data sources.

Second, the data sources need to be consumable by the BI tool. Although most data sources can be easily accessed by BI tools, there may be specific sources that prohibit access. Third, the data source must be understandable by the business user, which often requires business people working with IT to get an explanation of the schema and definitions of the data they need to analyze. Finally, no matter how easy the BI tool is perceived to be, having IT help train and support the business in the effective use of these BI tools will improve business user’s productivity and increase the business return on investment of these tools.

The BI tool styles in this category include:

• Ad-hoc reporting and analysis;
• Online analytical processing — also referred to as OLAP cubes;
• Data discovery; and
• Data visualization.

Advanced analytics encompasses the tools data scientists use to create predictive and prescriptive analytical models. This includes predictive analytics, statistical modeling, data mining and big data analytics software. Here, data scientists tend to spend a great deal of time doing data ingestion, integration and cleansing. This category is outside the scope of this article but is mentioned here in order to provide the entire spectrum of BI tool styles. Here’s a look at other BI tool categories and styles:

How to buy BI analytics tools

Each of the BI styles discussed here originated as standalone, specialized BI tools sold by emerging BI vendors. As enterprises recognized their value, the following occurred:

• The emerging BI vendors with new BI styles grew.
• The latest BI style was comingled with other BI styles in the products offered by established BI vendors.
• Larger BI vendors acquired the emerging vendors and incorporated their products into a BI suite offered by the acquiring firm.

A key buying question an enterprise must ask is: Is it better to buy a BI suite from one BI vendor or to purchase separate products from multiple vendors? The answer is: It depends. Although other articles in this series will deal with this question in more depth, there are key concepts to consider. First, you need to buy what you need, not just acquire the BI product with the most features because your enterprise may not need all that’s offered. The selection process should be guided by business need and best fit.

Second, an enterprise needs to examine the cost and skills necessary to develop and manage BI applications, not just purchase or subscription cost. Sometimes, BI suites are more cost- and resource-effective than standalone BI tools; however, there other times in which they’re much more complex, resulting in higher costs, longer development lead times and the need for a greater pool of skills.

Who buys BI analytics tools?

The investment in and use of BI analytics tools has experienced long-term growth, regardless of the economic cycle. It has accelerated in recent years as enterprises are craving data to not just grow and improve, but also to manage their businesses on a daily basis. Historically, BI has been the domain of large enterprises due to complexity, costs and the skills required — but during the past several years, those factors have changed dramatically, resulting in small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) becoming significant BI buyers.

Many enterprises, regardless of size, initially leverage the reporting capabilities offered by their business application vendors — such as SAP, Oracle, Microsoft, Infor and Epicor — by also using spreadsheets to fill in the gaps, especially when their focus is on tactical operational reporting. But this approach often results in data silos, limiting the ability of an enterprise to leverage its BI efforts to grow revenues and operate more effectively. In addition, this approach wastes people’s time in comparing and reconciling data from these silos — time that could be better spent running the business. When the limitations and costs of this approach become apparent, then an enterprise is ready for BI technology that’s independent of their operational applications.

In the early days of BI, only industries with the most significant need for data used BI; today, enterprises in all industries have information-intensive processes that require BI tools. The scale of the information that needs to be analyzed will vary by industry and enterprise size, impacting what specific BI tools should be considered; however, that doesn’t impact the particular BI categories and styles needed.

The BI vendor landscape

It can be overwhelming to examine the BI vendor landscape for the first time, as there are currently more than 100 vendors. In addition, the BI market has experienced a significant amount of merger and acquisition activity, so even people in the industry are sometimes confused as to who sells what.

BI vendors can be split into three groups:

1. Tech titans. The market leaders by sales are IBM, SAP and Oracle, and they dominate many other technology markets. These companies secured their top positions by acquiring the market leaders about eight years ago — Cognos, Business Objects and Hyperion.
2. Established BI specialists. Several companies, including MicroStrategy, SAS and Information Builders, have been selling BI tools for many years and have an extensive number of users.
3. Emerging BI players. These vendors offer the latest wave of BI innovation, such as data discovery, data visualization and cloud BI. Tableau, QlikTech, TIBCO, Logi Analytics and Birst are some of the vendors breaking out of the pack. Although Microsoft might be considered a tech titan in BI, the company previously wasn’t a recognised leader; however, in the past few years, it has emerged as a significant player, particularly in the SMB market.

Deploying BI analytics tools

The two deployment considerations are how the business people will access the BI tools (front end) and where the BI application itself will operate (back end).